EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION ON LABOUR SUPPLY AMONG MAIZE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN ITESIWAJU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The study investigates the effects of rural-urban migration on labour supply among maize farming households in Itesiwaju Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select 120 maize farmers from ten communities within the study area. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and a multiple regression model. The shows that the majority (74.2%) of farmers fall within the age range of 31-50 years, with an average age of 41 years and only 58.3% of the farmers are married.  Furthermore, the average farming experience in the study area was 16 years. Findings highlighted that key migration drivers include desire to be civilized (87.50%), to secure job (80.00%), to find a partner (71.67%) and to change environment (71.67%). The OLS regression results revealed that migration significantly reduces labour supply for maize production, with an estimated 2% decline in farm labour supply for every 1% increase in household migration at p≤0.10. Other significant variables influencing labour supply in the study area were education status (p≤0.05), farming experience (p≤0.01), credit access (p≤0.01) and farm size (p≤0.01). The major constraints faced by the maize farmers were insecurity (90.83%), small farm holding (87.50%), inadequate labour supply (85.83%) and inadequate extension service (68.33%). The study underscores the urgent need for policies promoting rural economic development, mechanized farming, and youth engagement in agriculture to curb migration-driven labour shortages. It recommends targeted government interventions, including financial incentives for rural farmers, improved access to credit, and the provision of essential infrastructure. Addressing these challenges will enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to food security in Nigeria.