ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF YAM PRODUCTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME AMONG THE FARMING HOUSEHOLD IN OKPOKWU L. G.A OF BENUE SATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examined the contribution of yam production to household income among farming households in Okpokwu Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicated that yam farming is predominantly a small-scale but commercially oriented activity, with most farmers cultivating between 1 to 2 hectares. White yam appeared as the most mostly cultivated variety (43.8%), reflecting strong consumer preference and market demand. Majority respondents received yields of 2 to 4 tons per hectare, representing moderate productivity hindered by high input costs; very severe, pest and disease infestation, very severe, limited access to credit; very severe and inadequate storage facilities; severe Which are ranked (1, 2 3 and 5) Respectively.  The study further showed that yam production significantly enhances household income, as many farmers who previously earned below ₦200,000 annually now earn between ₦201,000 to 400,000 and above after engaging in yam farming. Yam production also improved household welfare through better food and nutrition, payment of school fees, improved housing conditions, and access to healthcare services. Major production constraints identified include high cost of inputs (19.9%), lack of credit (15.2%), and poor storage facilities (15.7%), while the key marketing challenges were seasonal price fluctuations (30.3%) and low market prices (27.8%). Regression analysis revealed that the regression results showed that farm size, access to credit, farming experience, and educational level significantly and positively influenced yam output. Farm size, access to credit, and educational level were significant at the 1% level, while farming experience was significant at the 5% level. Overall, the model was statistically significant (F = 35.62, p < 0.001) and explained 73.1% of the variation in yam output (R² = 0.731). This study therefore concludes, yam production is crucial in improving the income levels, welfare of farming households in study area. The study recommends improved access to credit, strengthened extension services, enhanced storage facilities, and better market linkages to boost productivity and maximize the socio-economic benefits of yam production. This study recommends that; Government and financial institutions should design flexible and farmer friendly credit schemes that enable smallholder yam farmers to access production loans at low interest rates.