EFFICACY OF SELECTED BOTANICAL EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata Linnaeus. WALP.) IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica), garlic (Allium sativum), and chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens) extracts at 100%, 75%, and 50% concentrations for the management of key insect pests of cowpea under field conditions in Niger State, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on vegetative growth, flower abortion, pod damage, and yield parameters. The result revealed that, all botanical treatments significantly reduced pest damage and improved growth and yield compared to the untreated control. The result further indicated that, neem extract at 100% concentration consistently recorded the lowest flower abortion and pod damage while producing superior vegetative growth. Garlic and chilli pepper extracts at 100% also performed well, particularly in yield parameters. The result also showed that, lower concentrations were less effective than the higher concentrations. The study demonstrated that neem extract at full concentration is a highly effective, environmentally friendly alternative for managing insect pests of cowpea, with garlic and chilli pepper offering viable complementary options. Based on the findings of this study, the use of botanical extracts especially neem extract is recommended for safer and environmentally friendly means of controlling cowpea field pests.